会社のニュース What Role Does a Railway Axle Play in a Train's Movement ?

Often unseen but absolutely fundamental to a train's ability to move, the Railway Axle is a critical component within the wheelset assembly. It's the sturdy steel bar that connects two Steel Rail Wheels, allowing them to rotate together. But what exactly is the role of a railway axle, and why is its design and integrity so vital for every train journey?

A Railway Axle is a robust cylindrical shaft that passes through the center of the wheels. In most railway rolling stock, such as passenger coaches, freight wagons like Railway Tank Wagons or Flatbed Rail Cars, and even locomotives, each axle connects a pair of wheels. This forms a single unit known as a Railway Wheel Set, which then sits beneath the Railway Bogie.

The essential roles of a railway axle include:

Supporting the Load: The axle bears the immense weight of the train car and its cargo or passengers, transferring this load to the wheels and, ultimately, to the rails.

Transmitting Traction and Braking Forces: When the train accelerates, the axle transmits the rotational force from the motors (in powered axles) to the wheels. Conversely, during braking, it transmits the braking forces from the brake system to the wheels to slow down the train.

Maintaining Wheel Gauge: The axle ensures that the two wheels it connects remain at a precise, fixed distance apart, known as the wheel gauge. This is crucial for keeping the wheels correctly aligned on the tracks and preventing derailment.

Housing Bearings: The ends of the axle (journals) are where the wheel bearings are housed. These bearings allow the wheels to rotate smoothly with minimal friction within the bogie.

Given its critical function, Railway Axles are manufactured from high-grade steel, designed to withstand extreme fatigue, impact, and torsional stresses. Regular inspection and maintenance are vital to detect any signs of wear or fatigue, ensuring the continuous safe operation of trains. Its simple appearance belies its profound importance in facilitating the smooth and safe movement of every rail vehicle.